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How many more people died than expected in 2020 and 2021 in each country?

WHO's estimates for 2020 and 2021 combined run from -178.75 excess deaths per 100,000 people in Grenada to 912.83 in North Macedonia; where WHO and the World Mortality Dataset both give a figure (95 countries) they differ by under 50 per 100,000 in 82, and WHO's estimate is above the COVID-19 deaths reported to WHO in 162 of 194 countries.

FijiTanzaniaW. SaharaCanadaUnited States of AmericaKazakhstanUzbekistanPapua New GuineaIndonesiaArgentinaChileDem. Rep. CongoSomaliaKenyaSudanChadHaitiDominican Rep.RussiaBahamasFalkland Is.NorwayGreenlandFr. S. Antarctic LandsTimor-LesteSouth AfricaLesothoMexicoUruguayBrazilBoliviaPeruColombiaPanamaCosta RicaNicaraguaHondurasEl SalvadorGuatemalaBelizeVenezuelaGuyanaSurinameFranceEcuadorPuerto RicoJamaicaCubaZimbabweBotswanaNamibiaSenegalMaliMauritaniaBeninNigerNigeriaCameroonTogoGhanaCôte d'IvoireGuineaGuinea-BissauLiberiaSierra LeoneBurkina FasoCentral African Rep.CongoGabonEq. GuineaZambiaMalawiMozambiqueeSwatiniAngolaBurundiIsraelLebanonMadagascarPalestineGambiaTunisiaAlgeriaJordanUnited Arab EmiratesQatarKuwaitIraqOmanVanuatuCambodiaThailandLaosMyanmarVietnamNorth KoreaSouth KoreaMongoliaIndiaBangladeshBhutanNepalPakistanAfghanistanTajikistanKyrgyzstanTurkmenistanIranSyriaArmeniaSwedenBelarusUkrainePolandAustriaHungaryMoldovaRomaniaLithuaniaLatviaEstoniaGermanyBulgariaGreeceTurkeyAlbaniaCroatiaSwitzerlandLuxembourgBelgiumNetherlandsPortugalSpainIrelandNew CaledoniaSolomon Is.New ZealandAustraliaSri LankaChinaTaiwanItalyDenmarkUnited KingdomIcelandAzerbaijanGeorgiaPhilippinesMalaysiaBruneiSloveniaFinlandSlovakiaCzechiaEritreaJapanParaguayYemenSaudi ArabiaN. CyprusCyprusMoroccoEgyptLibyaEthiopiaDjiboutiSomalilandUgandaRwandaBosnia and Herz.MacedoniaSerbiaMontenegroKosovoTrinidad and TobagoS. SudanVaticanMicronesiaMarshall Is.N. Mariana Is.U.S. Virgin Is.GuamAmerican SamoaSaint HelenaPitcairn Is.AnguillaCayman Is.BermudaBritish Virgin Is.Turks and Caicos Is.MontserratJerseyGuernseyIsle of ManTongaSingaporeSeychellesSão Tomé and PrincipeSan MarinoSamoaSt. Vin. and Gren.Saint LuciaSt. Kitts and NevisPalauNiueCook Is.ArubaCuraçaoNauruMonacoMauritiusMaltaMaldivesLiechtensteinKiribatiGrenadaSt. Pierre and MiquelonWallis and Futuna Is.St-MartinFr. PolynesiaDominicaFaeroe Is.ComorosMacaoHong KongCabo VerdeBarbadosBahrainAntigua and Barb.AndorraSint Maarten

excess deaths per 100,000 people, 2020 and 2021 combined

-2000200400600800
Fewer than expectedMore than expected

Year varies by country (2021) · grey: no figure

Latest figure for each country

Too small or not separate on this map: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, Réunion, Tokelau, Tuvalu. Each colour is one figure per country: 2020 and 2021 combined, not one year, for the year shown in the ranking and when you point at a country.With "How sure" on, hatching marks countries whose latest figure has a trust score below 60 (Low or Very low).

All countries

Excess deaths per 100,000 people, 2020 and 2021 combined. 2020 and 2021 combined, not one year. Sort by any column.
Afghanistan165.54–182.31165.542020–202165 Moderate
Albania526.99(509.3)(543.07)526.992020–202168 Moderate
Algeria174.85–198.69174.852020–202163 Moderate
American Samoa40.43–40.43–2020–202144 Low
Andorra342.01(181.8)(140.76)342.012020–202168 Moderate
Angola32.36–87.7432.362020–202141 Low
Anguilla171.26–171.26–2020–202144 Low
Antigua and Barbuda-76.51(-61.6)(-57.88)-76.512020–202168 Moderate
Argentina279.8–288.21279.82020–202185 High
Armenia694.12(536)(428.39)694.122020–202168 Moderate
Aruba329.5329.5(314.81)–2020–202160 Moderate
Australia5.43(6.4)(5.87)5.432020–202168 Moderate
Austria178.66(162.1)(182.59)178.662020–202168 Moderate
Azerbaijan329.3(323.5)(265.82)329.32020–202168 Moderate
Bahamas316.55(272.7)(268.47)316.552020–202168 Moderate
Bahrain114.28–150.92114.282020–202152 Low
Bangladesh96.27–244.3696.272020–202141 Low
Barbados-8.96(-33.6)(9.3)-8.962020–202168 Moderate
Belarus546.53–651.62546.532020–202159 Low
Belgium175.96(163.1)(198.67)175.962020–202168 Moderate
Belize123.72(135.8)(135.89)123.722020–202168 Moderate
Benin29.83–76.129.832020–202141 Low
Bermuda284.1284.1(315.68)–2020–202160 Moderate
Bhutan-43.84–-84.05-43.842020–202146 Low
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)681.06(454.8)(458.59)681.062020–202168 Moderate
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba396–396–2020–202144 Low
Bosnia and Herzegovina597.22(582.9)(645.66)597.222020–202168 Moderate
Botswana271.64–136.38271.642020–202141 Low
Brazil314.26(313.5)(309.95)314.262020–202168 Moderate
British Virgin Islands162.83–162.83–2020–202144 Low
Brunei Darussalam6.64(9)(-6.85)6.642020–202168 Moderate
Bulgaria875.05(830.3)(899.31)875.052020–202168 Moderate
Burkina Faso41.13–84.5241.132020–202141 Low
Burundi23.34–98.3723.342020–202141 Low
Cabo Verde123.18–95.9123.182020–202163 Moderate
Cambodia54.01–115.2754.012020–202141 Low
Cameroon78.54–112.8778.542020–202145 Low
Canada69.15(66.7)(76.91)69.152020–202168 Moderate
Cayman Islands105.9–105.9–2020–202144 Low
Central African Republic126.69–71.04126.692020–202145 Low
Chad55.77–100.2355.772020–202141 Low
Chile199.21(204.2)(199.61)199.212020–202168 Moderate
China-3.65–22.51-3.652020–202141 Low
China, Hong Kong SAR42.842.8(32.86)–2020–202160 Moderate
China, Macao SAR-0.8-0.8(4.74)–2020–202160 Moderate
China, Taiwan Province of China-14.4-14.4(-17.58)–2020–202160 Moderate
Colombia318.49(323.6)(315.23)318.492020–202168 Moderate
Comoros65.32–115.4965.322020–202141 Low
Congo60.06–69.360.062020–202162 Moderate
Cook Islands16.33–1.0716.332020–202141 Low
Costa Rica107.78(116.7)(113.92)107.782020–202168 Moderate
Côte d'Ivoire54.62–72.0554.622020–202152 Low
Croatia460.63(412.7)(472.18)460.632020–202168 Moderate
Cuba480.77(473.6)(484.57)480.772020–202168 Moderate
Curaçao227.46–227.46–2020–202144 Low
Cyprus106.8(105.1)(136.59)106.82020–202168 Moderate
Czechia410.21(388.6)(418.17)410.212020–202168 Moderate
Dem. People's Republic of Korea19.48––19.482020–202152 Low
Democratic Republic of the Congo51.1–114.3151.12020–202141 Low
Denmark22.21(16.8)(40)22.212020–202168 Moderate
Djibouti104.05–75.71104.052020–202155 Low
Dominica103.8–80.76103.82020–202158 Low
Dominican Republic81.51–61.6581.512020–202162 Moderate
Ecuador451.68(383.1)(392.16)451.682020–202168 Moderate
Egypt258.5(273.1)(262.82)258.52020–202168 Moderate
El Salvador280.18–318.21280.182020–202163 Moderate
Equatorial Guinea51.79–65.151.792020–202156 Low
Eritrea61.46–78.8461.462020–202154 Low
Estonia256.61(220.3)(261.69)256.612020–202168 Moderate
Eswatini265.63–157.22265.632020–202147 Low
Ethiopia43.32–144.143.322020–202141 Low
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)38.4–38.4–2020–202144 Low
Faroe Islands-134.5-134.5(-30.65)–2020–202160 Moderate
Fiji188.02–86188.022020–202141 Low
Finland68.08(54)(85.47)68.082020–202168 Moderate
France132.81(120.2)(143.93)132.812020–202168 Moderate
French Guiana74.274.2(317.38)–2020–202160 Moderate
French Polynesia194.4194.4(206.42)–2020–202160 Moderate
Gabon52.69–66.8252.692020–202155 Low
Gambia62–85.1622020–202149 Low
Georgia605.98(514)(539.29)605.982020–202168 Moderate
Germany121.38(104.3)(138.01)121.382020–202168 Moderate
Ghana41.04–64.741.042020–202141 Low
Gibraltar195.14–195.14–2020–202144 Low
Greece250.52(233.7)(242.35)250.522020–202168 Moderate
Greenland-94.4-94.4(-89.77)–2020–202160 Moderate
Grenada-178.75–43.05-178.752020–202141 Low
Guadeloupe283.2283.2(368.43)–2020–202160 Moderate
Guam317.12–317.12–2020–202144 Low
Guatemala280.55(242)(245.23)280.552020–202168 Moderate
Guernsey193.99–193.99–2020–202144 Low
Guinea48.17–76.1248.172020–202141 Low
Guinea-Bissau111.48–93.89111.482020–202162 Moderate
Guyana470.73–253.61470.732020–202143 Low
Haiti131.55–127.77131.552020–202169 Moderate
Holy See167.18–167.18–2020–202144 Low
Honduras195.04–270.99195.042020–202148 Low
Hungary401(373.2)(417.21)4012020–202168 Moderate
Iceland23.83(18.4)(-6.81)23.832020–202168 Moderate
India335.96–275.5335.962020–202160 Moderate
Indonesia387.07–194.06387.072020–202141 Low
Iran (Islamic Republic of)335.97(298.9)(292.22)335.972020–202168 Moderate
Iraq105.3–264.67105.32020–202141 Low
Ireland89.19(80.7)(95.98)89.192020–202168 Moderate
Isle of Man142.96–142.96–2020–202144 Low
Israel89.89(84.6)(85.29)89.892020–202168 Moderate
Italy308.22(278.2)(322.68)308.222020–202168 Moderate
Jamaica181.58–183.39181.582020–202176 Moderate
Japan0.16(-10.4)(12.62)0.162020–202168 Moderate
Jersey288.37–288.37–2020–202144 Low
Jordan151.65(147.4)(129.73)151.652020–202168 Moderate
Kazakhstan424.54(429.7)(421.77)424.542020–202168 Moderate
Kenya53.25–129.5653.252020–202141 Low
Kiribati126.66–3.24126.662020–202141 Low
Kosovo (under UNSC res. 1244)346.6346.6(361.4)–2020–202160 Moderate
Kuwait151.03(154.1)(161.08)151.032020–202168 Moderate
Kyrgyzstan212.69(222.7)(210.29)212.692020–202168 Moderate
Lao People's Democratic Republic37.1–108.6337.12020–202141 Low
Latvia408.91(387.8)(437.69)408.912020–202168 Moderate
Lebanon342.42(222)(217.24)342.422020–202168 Moderate
Lesotho170.26–91.09170.262020–202143 Low
Liberia36.67–61.436.672020–202141 Low
Libya150.97–310.42150.972020–202141 Low
Liechtenstein120.4120.4(109.39)–2020–202160 Moderate
Lithuania623.87(616.2)(655.32)623.872020–202168 Moderate
Luxembourg26.57(1.9)(48.92)26.572020–202168 Moderate
Madagascar80.15–105.5680.152020–202152 Low
Malawi55.71–114.1355.712020–202141 Low
Malaysia73.02(81.2)(75.8)73.022020–202168 Moderate
Maldives124.49(114.1)(105.06)124.492020–202168 Moderate
Mali56.03–104.3356.032020–202141 Low
Malta132.73(117.4)(125.09)132.732020–202168 Moderate
Marshall Islands110.12–51.85110.122020–202141 Low
Martinique249249(399.28)–2020–202160 Moderate
Mauritania97.68–81.0997.682020–202161 Moderate
Mauritius84.56(86.4)(100.92)84.562020–202168 Moderate
Mayotte154.2154.2(242.89)–2020–202160 Moderate
Mexico481.27(493.1)(508.29)481.272020–202168 Moderate
Micronesia (Fed. States of)67.33–73.6867.332020–202165 Moderate
Monaco357.92(343.2)(520.71)357.922020–202168 Moderate
Mongolia24(22.1)(32.65)242020–202168 Moderate
Montenegro581.43(479)(543.27)581.432020–202168 Moderate
Montserrat19.15–19.15–2020–202144 Low
Morocco175.48–190.7175.482020–202166 Moderate
Mozambique114.1–147.37114.12020–202154 Low
Myanmar97.89–204.7997.892020–202141 Low
Namibia248.74–106.09248.742020–202146 Low
Nauru9.18–2.59.182020–202141 Low
Nepal119.18–298.88119.182020–202141 Low
Netherlands172.77(163.3)(189.52)172.772020–202168 Moderate
New Caledonia72.272.2(40.74)–2020–202160 Moderate
New Zealand-54.28(-57.4)(-49.35)-54.282020–202168 Moderate
Nicaragua259.4(260.9)(255.38)259.42020–202168 Moderate
Niger50.93–95.1850.932020–202141 Low
Nigeria27.73–126.5727.732020–202141 Low
Niue18.6–16.5718.62020–202164 Moderate
North Macedonia912.83(669.2)(708.86)912.832020–202168 Moderate
Northern Mariana Islands72.04–72.04–2020–202144 Low
Norway28.13(22)(36.9)28.132020–202168 Moderate
Oman189.48(87.7)(97.09)189.482020–202168 Moderate
Pakistan127.63–241.43127.632020–202141 Low
Palau48.87–-23.8748.872020–202141 Low
Panama173.44–164.97173.442020–202168 Moderate
Papua New Guinea86.95–93.1386.952020–202167 Moderate
Paraguay297.72(307.8)(317.27)297.722020–202168 Moderate
Peru679.01(544.1)(557.72)679.012020–202168 Moderate
Philippines203.17(210.3)(204.95)203.172020–202168 Moderate
Pitcairn8.48–8.48–2020–202144 Low
Poland427.94(419.2)(427.11)427.942020–202168 Moderate
Portugal226.33(203.3)(241.41)226.332020–202168 Moderate
Puerto Rico165.2165.2(330.06)–2020–202160 Moderate
Qatar51.44(32)(33.41)51.442020–202168 Moderate
Republic of Korea18.56(16.3)(14.59)18.562020–202168 Moderate
Republic of Moldova536.09(389.2)(502.11)536.092020–202168 Moderate
Réunion32.632.6(226.08)–2020–202160 Moderate
Romania586.59(568.2)(583.54)586.592020–202168 Moderate
Russian Federation747.78(733.8)(744.38)747.782020–202168 Moderate
Rwanda4–124.1742020–202141 Low
Saint Helena-8.89–-8.89–2020–202144 Low
Saint Kitts and Nevis296.11(197.4)(246.99)296.112020–202168 Moderate
Saint Lucia353.67–146.78353.672020–202141 Low
Saint Martin (French part)284.35–284.35–2020–202144 Low
Saint Pierre and Miquelon-13.36–-13.36–2020–202144 Low
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines100.64(115.8)(104.28)100.642020–202168 Moderate
Samoa19.92–-12.4119.922020–202141 Low
San Marino408.15(396.3)(398.13)408.152020–202168 Moderate
Sao Tome and Principe57.97–72.3857.972020–202156 Low
Saudi Arabia97.1–69.1297.12020–202154 Low
Senegal65.7–84.1965.72020–202154 Low
Serbia773.16(736.3)(757.18)773.162020–202168 Moderate
Seychelles-106.02(-111.8)(-89.74)-106.022020–202168 Moderate
Sierra Leone34.47–75.7834.472020–202141 Low
Singapore32.33(31.4)(22.06)32.332020–202168 Moderate
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)325.5–325.5–2020–202144 Low
Slovakia479.15(446.7)(462.81)479.152020–202168 Moderate
Slovenia73.74(245.1)(264.62)73.742020–202168 Moderate
Solomon Islands69.53–26.7469.532020–202141 Low
Somalia150.09–105.41150.092020–202153 Low
South Africa404.29(422.9)(397.86)404.292020–202168 Moderate
South Sudan44.66–103.5244.662020–202141 Low
Spain225.34(208.1)(230.23)225.342020–202168 Moderate
Sri Lanka-31.5–182.72-31.52020–202141 Low
State of Palestine92.992.9(90.07)–2020–202160 Moderate
Sudan104.01–205.07104.012020–202141 Low
Suriname305.75(270.2)(250.52)305.752020–202152 Low
Sweden117.6(98.4)(112.76)117.62020–202168 Moderate
Switzerland144.04(133.2)(158.37)144.042020–202168 Moderate
Syrian Arab Republic50.51–79.1150.512020–202141 Low
Tajikistan181.06(171.9)(149.62)181.062020–202168 Moderate
Thailand102.84(90.4)(84.25)102.842020–202168 Moderate
Timor-Leste40.31–94.440.312020–202141 Low
Togo38.79–84.1738.792020–202141 Low
Tokelau-5.03–-5.03–2020–202144 Low
Tonga10.02–-31.4310.022020–202141 Low
Transnistria 566.4566.4––2020–202160 Moderate
Trinidad and Tobago224.91–205.35224.912020–202166 Moderate
Tunisia292.87(253)(185.54)292.872020–202168 Moderate
Türkiye243.16(215.2)(224.29)243.162020–202168 Moderate
Turkmenistan51.7–121.9351.72020–202141 Low
Turks and Caicos Islands191.97–191.97–2020–202144 Low
Tuvalu57.07–52.7257.072020–202166 Moderate
Uganda14.7–127.6714.72020–202141 Low
Ukraine421.87(471.2)(482.45)421.872020–202168 Moderate
United Arab Emirates50.79–53.8150.792020–202173 Moderate
United Kingdom218.16(201.7)(220.32)218.162020–202168 Moderate
United Republic of Tanzania15.69–141.3815.692020–202141 Low
United States of America285.06(297.2)(299.82)285.062020–202168 Moderate
United States Virgin Islands368.68–368.68–2020–202144 Low
Uruguay106.88(103.4)(109.7)106.882020–202168 Moderate
Uzbekistan90.32(106.8)(100.34)90.322020–202168 Moderate
Vanuatu67.45–-49.8567.452020–202141 Low
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)74.69–160.5674.692020–202141 Low
Viet Nam-37.83–78.36-37.832020–202141 Low
Wallis and Futuna Islands53.27–53.27–2020–202144 Low
Western Sahara100.15–100.15–2020–202144 Low
Yemen84.61–109.5884.612020–202153 Low
Zambia73.88–172.5873.882020–202141 Low
Zimbabwe105.7–217.65105.72020–202141 Low

Each source's value links to its publisher; point at it for the source and year. A value in brackets is shown but doesn't count, and pointing at it says why. Retrieved 2026-11-02.

More on this page

COVID-19 deaths reported to WHO per 100,000 people, 2020 and 2021 combined (WHO dashboard)

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

GroupFigureYearTrust
Aruba168.52020–202152 Low
Afghanistan18.532020–202152 Low
Angola5.172020–202152 Low
Anguilla33.592020–202152 Low
Albania112.082020–202152 Low
Andorra180.392020–202152 Low
United Arab Emirates22.662020–202152 Low
Argentina261.062020–202152 Low
Armenia276.682020–202152 Low
American Samoa02020–202152 Low
Antigua and Barbuda129.212020–202152 Low
Australia9.462020–202152 Low
Austria186.752020–202152 Low
Azerbaijan81.752020–202152 Low
Burundi0.112020–202152 Low
Belgium245.042020–202152 Low
Benin1.222020–202152 Low
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba81.892020–202152 Low
Burkina Faso1.462020–202152 Low
Bangladesh16.812020–202152 Low
Bulgaria441.42020–202152 Low
Bahrain93.672020–202152 Low
Bahamas180.982020–202152 Low
Bosnia and Herzegovina410.062020–202152 Low
Belarus59.782020–202152 Low
Belize151.782020–202152 Low
Bermuda164.282020–202152 Low
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)165.412020–202152 Low
Brazil295.812020–202152 Low
Barbados92.212020–202152 Low
Brunei Darussalam13.562020–202152 Low
Bhutan0.392020–202152 Low
Botswana102.892020–202152 Low
Central African Republic1.982020–202152 Low
Canada78.172020–202152 Low
Switzerland137.452020–202152 Low
Chile201.422020–202152 Low
China0.42020–202152 Low
Côte d'Ivoire2.432020–202152 Low
Cameroon6.982020–202152 Low
Democratic Republic of the Congo1.262020–202152 Low
Congo6.342020–202152 Low
Cook Islands02020–202152 Low
Colombia254.972020–202152 Low
Comoros19.382020–202152 Low
Cabo Verde68.372020–202152 Low
Costa Rica145.642020–202152 Low
Cuba74.542020–202152 Low
Curaçao100.92020–202152 Low
Cayman Islands15.862020–202152 Low
Cyprus49.312020–202152 Low
Czechia344.612020–202152 Low
Germany140.742020–202152 Low
Djibouti16.982020–202152 Low
Dominica69.712020–202152 Low
Denmark55.752020–202152 Low
Dominican Republic38.362020–202152 Low
Algeria14.122020–202152 Low
Ecuador191.092020–202152 Low
Egypt19.722020–202152 Low
Eritrea2.262020–202152 Low
Spain191.262020–202152 Low
Estonia137.392020–202152 Low
Ethiopia5.752020–202152 Low
Finland34.822020–202152 Low
Fiji76.172020–202152 Low
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)02020–202152 Low
France188.152020–202152 Low
Faroe Islands26.452020–202152 Low
Micronesia (Fed. States of)02020–202152 Low
Gabon12.262020–202152 Low
United Kingdom262.252020–202152 Low
Georgia363.692020–202152 Low
Guernsey37.952020–202152 Low
Ghana4.062020–202152 Low
Gibraltar273.822020–202152 Low
Guinea2.892020–202152 Low
Guadeloupe204.592020–202152 Low
Gambia13.472020–202152 Low
Guinea-Bissau7.322020–202152 Low
Equatorial Guinea10.082020–202152 Low
Greece191.932020–202152 Low
Grenada171.592020–202152 Low
Greenland1.782020–202152 Low
Guatemala92.082020–202152 Low
French Guiana116.792020–202152 Low
Guam165.692020–202152 Low
Guyana129.472020–202152 Low
Honduras102.232020–202152 Low
Croatia317.252020–202152 Low
Haiti6.832020–202152 Low
Hungary402.722020–202152 Low
Indonesia52.232020–202152 Low
Isle of Man79.662020–202152 Low
India34.142020–202152 Low
Ireland121.622020–202152 Low
Iran (Islamic Republic of)149.572020–202152 Low
Iraq56.712020–202152 Low
Iceland10.032020–202152 Low
Israel93.112020–202152 Low
Italy229.572020–202152 Low
Jamaica87.072020–202152 Low
Jersey86.192020–202152 Low
Jordan115.072020–202152 Low
Japan14.592020–202152 Low
Kazakhstan92.932020–202152 Low
Kenya10.22020–202152 Low
Kyrgyzstan12.752020–202152 Low
Cambodia17.862020–202152 Low
Kiribati02020–202152 Low
Saint Kitts and Nevis59.82020–202152 Low
Republic of Korea10.842020–202152 Low
Kuwait56.922020–202152 Low
Lao People's Democratic Republic5.032020–202152 Low
Lebanon159.452020–202152 Low
Liberia5.512020–202152 Low
Libya80.322020–202152 Low
Saint Lucia165.242020–202152 Low
Liechtenstein177.312020–202152 Low
Sri Lanka66.172020–202152 Low
Lesotho29.832020–202152 Low
Lithuania264.512020–202152 Low
Luxembourg100.012020–202152 Low
Latvia254.22020–202152 Low
Saint Martin (French part)128.132020–202152 Low
Morocco40.362020–202152 Low
Monaco99.152020–202152 Low
Republic of Moldova336.872020–202152 Low
Madagascar3.52020–202152 Low
Maldives51.452020–202152 Low
Mexico238.782020–202152 Low
Marshall Islands02020–202152 Low
North Macedonia449.552020–202152 Low
Mali2.982020–202152 Low
Malta94.462020–202152 Low
Myanmar36.212020–202152 Low
Montenegro375.532020–202152 Low
Mongolia59.872020–202152 Low
Northern Mariana Islands27.412020–202152 Low
Mozambique6.392020–202152 Low
Mauritania18.492020–202152 Low
Montserrat22.282020–202152 Low
Martinique220.522020–202152 Low
Mauritius61.332020–202152 Low
Malawi11.92020–202152 Low
Malaysia92.392020–202152 Low
Mayotte642020–202152 Low
Namibia131.62020–202152 Low
New Caledonia98.722020–202152 Low
Niger1.142020–202152 Low
Nigeria1.42020–202152 Low
Nicaragua3.292020–202152 Low
Niue02020–202152 Low
Netherlands118.612020–202152 Low
Norway25.862020–202152 Low
Nepal39.662020–202152 Low
Nauru02020–202152 Low
New Zealand12020–202152 Low
Oman100.212020–202152 Low
Pakistan12.192020–202152 Low
Panama171.92020–202152 Low
Peru613.572020–202152 Low
Philippines45.712020–202152 Low
Palau02020–202152 Low
Papua New Guinea5.952020–202152 Low
Poland254.592020–202152 Low
Puerto Rico101.672020–202152 Low
Dem. People's Republic of Korea02020–202152 Low
Portugal181.992020–202152 Low
Paraguay250.022020–202152 Low
State of Palestine96.162020–202152 Low
French Polynesia227.472020–202152 Low
Qatar22.112020–202152 Low
Réunion47.222020–202152 Low
Romania303.722020–202152 Low
Russian Federation211.282020–202152 Low
Rwanda10.212020–202152 Low
Saudi Arabia28.472020–202152 Low
Sudan7.042020–202152 Low
Senegal11.112020–202152 Low
Singapore14.92020–202152 Low
Saint Helena02020–202152 Low
Solomon Islands02020–202152 Low
Sierra Leone1.542020–202152 Low
El Salvador61.212020–202152 Low
San Marino284.292020–202152 Low
Somalia7.852020–202152 Low
Saint Pierre and Miquelon02020–202152 Low
Serbia184.512020–202152 Low
South Sudan1.262020–202152 Low
Sao Tome and Principe25.922020–202152 Low
Suriname193.182020–202152 Low
Slovakia304.912020–202152 Low
Slovenia288.022020–202152 Low
Sweden147.842020–202152 Low
Eswatini108.242020–202152 Low
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)181.572020–202152 Low
Seychelles103.62020–202152 Low
Syrian Arab Republic13.552020–202152 Low
Turks and Caicos Islands58.012020–202152 Low
Chad1.032020–202152 Low
Togo2.832020–202152 Low
Thailand30.262020–202152 Low
Tajikistan1.272020–202152 Low
Tokelau02020–202152 Low
Turkmenistan02020–202152 Low
Timor-Leste9.112020–202152 Low
Tonga02020–202152 Low
Trinidad and Tobago190.42020–202152 Low
Tunisia212.692020–202152 Low
Türkiye952020–202152 Low
Tuvalu02020–202152 Low
United Republic of Tanzania1.192020–202152 Low
Uganda7.32020–202152 Low
Ukraine207.832020–202152 Low
Uruguay181.42020–202152 Low
United States of America241.092020–202152 Low
Uzbekistan2.542020–202152 Low
Holy See02020–202152 Low
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines80.372020–202152 Low
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)18.82020–202152 Low
British Virgin Islands103.662020–202152 Low
United States Virgin Islands101.682020–202152 Low
Viet Nam32.872020–202152 Low
Vanuatu02020–202152 Low
Wallis and Futuna Islands60.342020–202152 Low
Samoa02020–202152 Low
Kosovo (under UNSC res. 1244)169.692020–202152 Low
Yemen5.422020–202152 Low
South Africa149.172020–202152 Low
Zambia19.292020–202152 Low
Zimbabwe31.912020–202152 Low
Show every year as a table
Year

About this data

Every source on this page (4)

Who is behind the sources

  • 85% International body
  • 11% News media
  • 4% University or journal
Each publisher, its funding and its own description
  • World Health Organization (WHO) · International bodyFunding: Assessed contributions (membership dues) from member states, plus voluntary contributions from member states and other partners. sourceIn its own words: “…WHO is the United Nations agency that connects nations, partners and people to promote health…” source, retrieved 2026-10-27
  • The Economist · News mediaFunding: Privately owned and unlisted; its ordinary shares are held mainly by employees, past employees, long-standing family holders and EXOR NV, which holds 43.4% of share capital excluding trust shares, and no one may own more than 50%. sourceIn its own words: “…continues to produce journalism of sometimes radical opinion with a reverence for facts.” source, retrieved 2026-11-02
  • World Mortality Dataset (Karlinsky and Kobak) · University or journalFunding: Compiled by Ariel Karlinsky (Hebrew University, Israel) and Dmitry Kobak (University of Tübingen, Germany); the project's eLife paper lists grants to Kobak from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the U.S. National Institutes of Health. sourceIn its own words: “…the World Mortality Dataset that aims to provide regularly-updated all-cause mortality numbers from all over the world.” source, retrieved 2026-11-02
  • WHO COVID-19 dashboard, daily reported deathsWorld Health Organization (WHO) (international body) · Death and health registersUsed for 232 countries and territories; counts toward 232. Years 2021. Retrieved 2026-11-02.Data (CSV file)
  • WHO global excess mortality estimates 2020-2021 (May 2023 release)World Health Organization (WHO) (international body) · Model-based estimateUsed for 194 countries and territories; counts toward 194. Years 2021. Retrieved 2026-11-02.Data (zip file)
  • The Economist excess deaths modelThe Economist (news media) · Model-based estimateUsed for 236 countries and territories; counts toward 123. Years 2021. Retrieved 2026-11-02.Not counted where: The Economist says it takes most of its all-cause deaths from the World Mortality Dataset, which has a line here, so the two are not separate collections.Data (CSV file)
  • World Mortality Dataset excess deaths, January 2020 to December 2021 (Karlinsky and Kobak)World Mortality Dataset (Karlinsky and Kobak) (university or journal) · Death and health registersUsed for 114 countries and territories; counts toward 19. Years 2021. Retrieved 2026-11-02.Not counted where: WHO names this dataset among its repositories, so WHO's line and this one share deaths data and differ mainly in the baseline.Data (CSV file)
Why the numbers differ (11)
  • Each source subtracts a different expected number. WHO fits a yearly linear trend and a seasonal curve, usually to 2015-2019 where a country has monthly history and usually to 2000-2019 where it has only yearly totals. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • The World Mortality Dataset fits a linear trend across years and a separate term for each week or month, to 2015-2019. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • The Economist's own baselines fit a linear trend for year and a term for each week or month, on data up to February 2020. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • Many countries have no all-cause death data for the period. In the WHO workbook 88 of 194 Member States are modelled for all 24 months and 95 rest on reported deaths for all 24; The Economist models all or part of the period for 127 of 236 places. The World Mortality Dataset models no deaths and so has 114 countries here. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • Sources treat incomplete registers and other events differently. WHO adjusts reported deaths for completeness, and its methods document describes removing deaths from other mortality shocks (conflicts and natural disasters), so its figures are not unrestricted all-cause excess either. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • The World Mortality Dataset uses registered deaths and its published excess is not always deaths minus expected: Armenia 15,882 against 19,882; Azerbaijan 32,796 against 36,796; Belgium 18,902 against 20,428; Germany 87,403 against 91,660; France 78,463 against 80,008; Luxembourg 12 against 43; Netherlands 27,983 against 28,646. The authors subtract 4,000 deaths in each of Armenia and Azerbaijan for the 2020 war and exclude weeks 32-34 of 2020 in the five European countries. Those lines get half weight where they count. Its paper says coverage varies by country and gives Peru as an example of an estimate that may be too low. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • Excess deaths and reported COVID-19 deaths measure different things. Excess deaths count deaths from every cause, apart from any deaths a source removes for other events. WHO says some COVID-19 deaths may not have been certified as such, that countries certify differently, and it treats excess deaths as direct effects plus knock-on effects, minus deaths averted. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • The population bases differ. WHO lines and reported deaths here use UN WPP 2024 on 1 January 2021; the World Mortality Dataset uses its own base (mostly UN WPP 2022 for 2020, with national figures for Russia and Ukraine); The Economist uses the population column in its file. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • The cut-off dates are close but not identical. WHO runs by calendar month to December 2021; weekly World Mortality Dataset countries run to week 52 of 2021; The Economist's export labels weekly rows by their first day, so its row labelled 2021-12-27 is a weekly approximation of the period and gets half weight where it counts. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • These are not fully separate collections. The Economist says it takes most of its all-cause deaths from the World Mortality Dataset, so wherever that dataset has a line the Economist line is shown but not counted (113 places). It counts only where the dataset has no data. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • WHO also names the World Mortality Dataset among its repositories, so where both give a figure the two share deaths data and differ mainly in the baseline. There WHO's line counts and the dataset's is shown for comparison. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
Common mistakes (5)
  • Reading a table figure as a yearly rate. Each table figure is a total for two years, so it can't be set beside a one-year death rate. Only the WHO chart points are per calendar year.
  • Calling excess deaths "COVID deaths". They are all deaths above an expected number, whatever the cause. WHO describes both direct and indirect effects and deaths averted. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • Adding reported COVID-19 deaths to excess deaths. Reported deaths are part of all deaths, so the two overlap.
  • Treating a negative figure as a measured fall. It means fewer deaths than expected, and WHO says it can also be an artefact of the model's assumptions. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • Quoting a central estimate without its range. The Economist says the 95% range should be reported when ranges are not very narrow, and each line here gives the range its source publishes. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
Context (6)
Sources considered and not used (8)
  • IHME COVID-19 excess mortality estimates 2020-2021: The record page offered no file link to a scripted request, and RealStats does not register for accounts. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • The Economist methodology article: economist.com refused a scripted download with an HTTP 403, so the method facts here come from The Economist's public GitHub repositories only. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • World Mortality Dataset lines for Algeria, Argentina, Belarus, Cabo Verde, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gibraltar, Jamaica, Panama, United Arab Emirates: The published file has a figure or a blank for these, but the data behind it did not cover all of 2020 and 2021: Algeria (data end 2020, month 12); Argentina (data end 2020, month 12); Belarus (data end 2021, month 3); Cabo Verde (data end 2020, month 12); Dominican Republic (data end 2021, month 10); El Salvador (data end 2020, month 8); Gibraltar (data end 2021, month 1); Jamaica (data end 2021, month 11); Panama (data end 2021, month 10); United Arab Emirates (data end 2020, month 12). A shorter period is a different number, so they are left out. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • World Mortality Dataset excess-mortality.csv: This table runs to December 2023, so it does not match the fixed period on this page. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • WHO excess mortality estimates, March 2022 files: The page gives 19 May 2023 as its most recent update, so the earlier files are superseded. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • COVID-19 death columns in the World Mortality Dataset and Economist files: These are other bodies' reported counts passed on, so the page takes reported deaths from WHO's own file instead.
  • WHO weekly COVID-19 file: Its dates fall either side of the end of 2021. The daily file from the same dashboard has a row for 31 December 2021. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
  • WHO reported deaths for China, Hong Kong SAR, China, Macao SAR, China, Taiwan Province of China, Pitcairn, Transnistria, Western Sahara: No row on that date, or no UN population to divide by, so these places have no reported rate here. Deaths on international conveyances are also left out. (source, retrieved 2026-11-02)
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