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How do arrest rates in the US differ by race and sex, and how have they changed since 1980?

In 2025, police agencies reporting to the FBI recorded these arrests for all offenses per 100,000 residents of the same race: 1821.48 (White), 4721.74 (Black), 2132.77 (American Indian or Alaska Native), 615.67 (Asian or Pacific Islander), against 3796.25 (White), 10322.42 (Black), 6645.43 (American Indian or Alaska Native), 1274.9 (Asian or Pacific Islander) in 1985; for murder and nonnegligent manslaughter the 2025 rates were 1.54 (White), 11.55 (Black), 2.28 (American Indian or Alaska Native), 0.55 (Asian or Pacific Islander), and BJS's national estimates for 1980 were 5.3 (White), 35.0 (Black), 11.1 (American Indian or Alaska Native), 3.8 (Asian or Pacific Islander). Males were 72.64% of arrests for all offenses in 2025 (83.77% in 1985) and 88.85% of murder arrests, while 49.08% of residents were male.

Black: all offenses arrests per 100,000 residents, 2025

4,721.74

all offenses arrests per 100,000 Black residents, 2025

Moderate trust, 63 of 100 Only one source (FBI CDE), so it cannot be checked against another.

Each source by year: all offenses arrests per 100,000 Black residents
05,00010K15K1985199020002010202020252021: FBI CDE: On 1 January 2021 the UCR Program moved to NIBRS-only collection. The FBI states that "participation for 2021 remained below a statistically acceptable level to be nationally representative"; from 2022 it again accepted Summary Reporting System data from agencies that had not switched. The population covered by agencies reporting to the CDE fell from 95.9% in 2020 to 77.0% in 2021 and was 94.8% in 2022 (12-month average of the CDE's monthly coverage). · FBI CDE: Up to 2020 the CDE reports one category "Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander"; from 2021 it reports "Asian" and "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander" separately, plus "Unknown". RealStats adds Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander together to keep one group.2000: FBI CDE: From 2000 the estimates follow the 1997 OMB race standard: people may report more than one race ("Two or More Races"), and Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander are separate. RealStats uses "alone" counts from 2000 and adds Asian alone and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander alone; before 2000 the four races add up to the total.2020: FBI CDE: Vintage 2025 estimates start from the 2020 Census via the Modified Age and Race Census file, with "Some Other Race" redistributed to the OMB race categories. 2010-2019 are Vintage 2020 postcensal estimates; no intercensal 2010-2020 file by race is published.2010: FBI CDE: The FBI states that "as of 2010, the FBI's UCR Program no longer collects data on runaways", so the all-offense total excludes them from 2010.

Recorded change in how a source reports; hover or focus the ring for details.

Show the data as a table
YearFBI Crime Data Explorer, national arrests by race (UCR Summary and summarized NIBRS)
198510,322.42
198610,866.4
198711,286.15
198810,705.45
198911,803.97
199011,774.61
199111,109.55
199212,655.26
199311,873.83
199411,595.59
199511,742.66
199610,684.42
199711,105.98
199810,570.27
19999,725.08
20009,338.37
20019,074.45
20028,420.19
20037,788.41
20047,852.27
20058,024.09
20068,055.56
20077,947.55
20087,958.47
20097,868.82
20107,357.83
20116,897.26
20126,708.41
20136,827.06
20146,006.39
20155,661.26
20165,521.6
20175,551.74
20185,409.29
20195,007.54
20203,759.49
20213,222.84
20224,022.82
20234,497.43
20244,548.52
20254,721.74
What this number counts
Counts
Arrests for all offenses, with the arrestee's race recorded by the arresting agency as Black, per 100,000 residents recorded as Black by the Census Bureau
Where
United States
When
Calendar year 2025; population on 1 July 2025 (one year, not an average)

The figure from FBI CDE, the only source that counts here.

Where the number comes from (1 source)
SourceFigure and yearDefinitionQualityCounts for
FBI Crime Data Explorer, national arrests by race (UCR Summary and summarized NIBRS)Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Uniform Crime Reporting Program · Police and justice recordsRetrieved 2026-10-27 · Data (API)
4,721.742025
2,183,743 arrests for all offenses in 2025 where the arresting agency recorded the arrestee's race as Black, as reported to the FBI (CDE offense "all"), divided by 46,248,715 residents (Black alone, Census Bureau, 1 July 2025).

Arrests, not people: one person arrested twice counts twice. Counts only agencies that reported; the FBI puts the population they cover at 96.6% in 2025, and RealStats does not estimate the missing arrests. 158,536 arrests of all offenses in 2025 (2.2%) had race "Unknown" and are in no group. Rate computed by RealStats.

Raw files: fbi-cde/totals_all_<year>.json (type=totals, one call per year) and counts_all_<year>.json for coverage. Yearly FBI coverage (% of population): 1985 95.9, 1986 95.4, 1987 95.0, 1988 88.9, 1989 94.8, 1990 94.7, 1991 91.9, 1992 93.2, 1993 92.4, 1994 92.2, 1995 88.8, 1996 87.0, 1997 88.4, 1998 88.2, 1999 89.4, 2000 89.8, 2001 90.6, 2002 92.2, 2003 91.8, 2004 93.5, 2005 93.2, 2006 95.7, 2007 96.3, 2008 96.7, 2009 96.8, 2010 97.9, 2011 98.0, 2012 98.1, 2013 97.6, 2014 97.4, 2015 97.6, 2016 97.7, 2017 96.5, 2018 97.5, 2019 96.2, 2020 95.9, 2021 77.0, 2022 94.8, 2023 96.0, 2024 96.4, 2025 96.6. The CDE arrest data start in 1985. The FBI notes that CDE data include all reported data and can differ from the published Crime in the United States tables.

4 of 5 checks
  • Yes: Method and definitions published. The FBI publishes the UCR offense definitions and the Crime in the United States methodology; the CDE explains its arrest page.
  • Yes: Official statistics or peer-reviewed. Official statistics from the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program.
  • Yes: Full count or representative sample. A count of every arrest reported by participating agencies, not a sample; the FBI puts their coverage at 96.6% of the population in 2025 (77.0% in 2021).
  • Yes: Raw data downloadable. Yearly national totals by race and sex are downloadable as JSON from the Crime Data Explorer.
  • No: No known break or quality problem. Breaks in the series: agencies that switched to NIBRS in 2021 left a gap in coverage, the race categories changed in 2021, and partial reporters are included without estimation.
100%

Better and more direct sources count for more. A source that only copies another does not count.

  • FBI CDE100%
How the trust score was worked out
Quality32 / 40

How well the sources are made

Agreement15 / 30

Unknown with one source, so set to half

Independence6 / 20

How many separate ways the number was measured

Freshness10 / 10

How recent the newest data is

How the score works

Who reports it, and since when

Which kinds of source measure this number, which years each one published, and where the reporting stops or has holes.

No source of these kinds: victim survey, independent count.

  • Single source: nothing to check it against
  • FBI CDE, 2021: On 1 January 2021 the UCR Program moved to NIBRS-only collection. The FBI states that "participation for 2021 remained below a statistically acceptable level to be nationally representative"; from 2022 it again accepted Summary Reporting System data from agencies that had not switched. The population covered by agencies reporting to the CDE fell from 95.9% in 2020 to 77.0% in 2021 and was 94.8% in 2022 (12-month average of the CDE's monthly coverage). source
  • FBI CDE, 2021: Up to 2020 the CDE reports one category "Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander"; from 2021 it reports "Asian" and "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander" separately, plus "Unknown". RealStats adds Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander together to keep one group. source
  • FBI CDE, 2000: From 2000 the estimates follow the 1997 OMB race standard: people may report more than one race ("Two or More Races"), and Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander are separate. RealStats uses "alone" counts from 2000 and adds Asian alone and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander alone; before 2000 the four races add up to the total. source
  • FBI CDE, 2020: Vintage 2025 estimates start from the 2020 Census via the Modified Age and Race Census file, with "Some Other Race" redistributed to the OMB race categories. 2010-2019 are Vintage 2020 postcensal estimates; no intercensal 2010-2020 file by race is published. source
  • FBI CDE, 2010: The FBI states that "as of 2010, the FBI's UCR Program no longer collects data on runaways", so the all-offense total excludes them from 2010. source
Years each source has a figure here
'01'05'10'15'20'25FBI CDE

figure no figure here, inside its range no later figure recorded change

White: all offenses arrests per 100,000 residents, 2025

1,821.48

all offenses arrests per 100,000 White residents, 2025

Moderate trust, 63 of 100 Only one source (FBI CDE), so it cannot be checked against another.

Each source by year: all offenses arrests per 100,000 White residents
02,0004,0006,0001985199020002010202020252021: FBI CDE: On 1 January 2021 the UCR Program moved to NIBRS-only collection. The FBI states that "participation for 2021 remained below a statistically acceptable level to be nationally representative"; from 2022 it again accepted Summary Reporting System data from agencies that had not switched. The population covered by agencies reporting to the CDE fell from 95.9% in 2020 to 77.0% in 2021 and was 94.8% in 2022 (12-month average of the CDE's monthly coverage). · FBI CDE: Up to 2020 the CDE reports one category "Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander"; from 2021 it reports "Asian" and "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander" separately, plus "Unknown". RealStats adds Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander together to keep one group.2000: FBI CDE: From 2000 the estimates follow the 1997 OMB race standard: people may report more than one race ("Two or More Races"), and Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander are separate. RealStats uses "alone" counts from 2000 and adds Asian alone and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander alone; before 2000 the four races add up to the total.2020: FBI CDE: Vintage 2025 estimates start from the 2020 Census via the Modified Age and Race Census file, with "Some Other Race" redistributed to the OMB race categories. 2010-2019 are Vintage 2020 postcensal estimates; no intercensal 2010-2020 file by race is published.2010: FBI CDE: The FBI states that "as of 2010, the FBI's UCR Program no longer collects data on runaways", so the all-offense total excludes them from 2010.

Recorded change in how a source reports; hover or focus the ring for details.

Show the data as a table
YearFBI Crime Data Explorer, national arrests by race (UCR Summary and summarized NIBRS)
19853,796.25
19863,864.14
19873,799.02
19883,570.76
19893,827.48
19904,064.6
19913,809.35
19923,978.46
19933,702.71
19943,776.29
19953,752.61
19963,583.04
19973,609.63
19983,465.05
19993,317.91
20003,256.46
20013,215.46
20023,298.34
20033,195.07
20043,268.81
20053,267.1
20063,280.16
20073,277.66
20083,246.35
20093,230.04
20103,077.45
20112,902.51
20122,814.84
20132,904.72
20142,573.49
20152,495.46
20162,473.13
20172,456.25
20182,369.35
20192,217.74
20201,748.91
20211,415.68
20221,772.73
20231,848.86
20241,813.54
20251,821.48
What this number counts
Counts
Arrests for all offenses, with the arrestee's race recorded by the arresting agency as White, per 100,000 residents recorded as White by the Census Bureau
Where
United States
When
Calendar year 2025; population on 1 July 2025 (one year, not an average)

The figure from FBI CDE, the only source that counts here.

Where the number comes from (1 source)
SourceFigure and yearDefinitionQualityCounts for
FBI Crime Data Explorer, national arrests by race (UCR Summary and summarized NIBRS)Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Uniform Crime Reporting Program · Police and justice recordsRetrieved 2026-10-27 · Data (API)
1,821.482025
4,503,852 arrests for all offenses in 2025 where the arresting agency recorded the arrestee's race as White, as reported to the FBI (CDE offense "all"), divided by 247,263,993 residents (White alone, Census Bureau, 1 July 2025).

Arrests, not people: one person arrested twice counts twice. Counts only agencies that reported; the FBI puts the population they cover at 96.6% in 2025, and RealStats does not estimate the missing arrests. 158,536 arrests of all offenses in 2025 (2.2%) had race "Unknown" and are in no group. Rate computed by RealStats.

Raw files: fbi-cde/totals_all_<year>.json (type=totals, one call per year) and counts_all_<year>.json for coverage. Yearly FBI coverage (% of population): 1985 95.9, 1986 95.4, 1987 95.0, 1988 88.9, 1989 94.8, 1990 94.7, 1991 91.9, 1992 93.2, 1993 92.4, 1994 92.2, 1995 88.8, 1996 87.0, 1997 88.4, 1998 88.2, 1999 89.4, 2000 89.8, 2001 90.6, 2002 92.2, 2003 91.8, 2004 93.5, 2005 93.2, 2006 95.7, 2007 96.3, 2008 96.7, 2009 96.8, 2010 97.9, 2011 98.0, 2012 98.1, 2013 97.6, 2014 97.4, 2015 97.6, 2016 97.7, 2017 96.5, 2018 97.5, 2019 96.2, 2020 95.9, 2021 77.0, 2022 94.8, 2023 96.0, 2024 96.4, 2025 96.6. The CDE arrest data start in 1985. The FBI notes that CDE data include all reported data and can differ from the published Crime in the United States tables.

4 of 5 checks
  • Yes: Method and definitions published. The FBI publishes the UCR offense definitions and the Crime in the United States methodology; the CDE explains its arrest page.
  • Yes: Official statistics or peer-reviewed. Official statistics from the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program.
  • Yes: Full count or representative sample. A count of every arrest reported by participating agencies, not a sample; the FBI puts their coverage at 96.6% of the population in 2025 (77.0% in 2021).
  • Yes: Raw data downloadable. Yearly national totals by race and sex are downloadable as JSON from the Crime Data Explorer.
  • No: No known break or quality problem. Breaks in the series: agencies that switched to NIBRS in 2021 left a gap in coverage, the race categories changed in 2021, and partial reporters are included without estimation.
100%

Better and more direct sources count for more. A source that only copies another does not count.

  • FBI CDE100%
How the trust score was worked out
Quality32 / 40

How well the sources are made

Agreement15 / 30

Unknown with one source, so set to half

Independence6 / 20

How many separate ways the number was measured

Freshness10 / 10

How recent the newest data is

How the score works

Who reports it, and since when

Which kinds of source measure this number, which years each one published, and where the reporting stops or has holes.

No source of these kinds: victim survey, independent count.

  • Single source: nothing to check it against
  • FBI CDE, 2021: On 1 January 2021 the UCR Program moved to NIBRS-only collection. The FBI states that "participation for 2021 remained below a statistically acceptable level to be nationally representative"; from 2022 it again accepted Summary Reporting System data from agencies that had not switched. The population covered by agencies reporting to the CDE fell from 95.9% in 2020 to 77.0% in 2021 and was 94.8% in 2022 (12-month average of the CDE's monthly coverage). source
  • FBI CDE, 2021: Up to 2020 the CDE reports one category "Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander"; from 2021 it reports "Asian" and "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander" separately, plus "Unknown". RealStats adds Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander together to keep one group. source
  • FBI CDE, 2000: From 2000 the estimates follow the 1997 OMB race standard: people may report more than one race ("Two or More Races"), and Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander are separate. RealStats uses "alone" counts from 2000 and adds Asian alone and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander alone; before 2000 the four races add up to the total. source
  • FBI CDE, 2020: Vintage 2025 estimates start from the 2020 Census via the Modified Age and Race Census file, with "Some Other Race" redistributed to the OMB race categories. 2010-2019 are Vintage 2020 postcensal estimates; no intercensal 2010-2020 file by race is published. source
  • FBI CDE, 2010: The FBI states that "as of 2010, the FBI's UCR Program no longer collects data on runaways", so the all-offense total excludes them from 2010. source
Years each source has a figure here
'01'05'10'15'20'25FBI CDE

figure no figure here, inside its range no later figure recorded change

Male share of all offenses arrests, 2025

72.64

% of all offenses arrests that were of males, 2025

Moderate trust, 63 of 100 Only FBI CDE counts: BJS republishes it, so there is nothing independent to check it against.

Each source by year: % of all offenses arrests that were of males
02550751001985199020002010202020252021: FBI CDE: On 1 January 2021 the UCR Program moved to NIBRS-only collection. The FBI states that "participation for 2021 remained below a statistically acceptable level to be nationally representative"; from 2022 it again accepted Summary Reporting System data from agencies that had not switched. The population covered by agencies reporting to the CDE fell from 95.9% in 2020 to 77.0% in 2021 and was 94.8% in 2022 (12-month average of the CDE's monthly coverage).2010: FBI CDE: The FBI states that "as of 2010, the FBI's UCR Program no longer collects data on runaways", so the all-offense total excludes them from 2010.

Recorded change in how a source reports; hover or focus the ring for details.

Show the data as a table
YearFBI Crime Data Explorer, national arrests by sex (UCR Summary and summarized NIBRS)
198583.77
198683.69
198783.22
198883.04
198982.76
199082.47
199182.13
199281.86
199381.48
199480.97
199580.55
199680.07
199779.63
199879.41
199979.31
200079.13
200178.6
200277.69
200377.08
200476.62
200576.49
200676.61
200776.2
200875.88
200975.07
201074.65
201174.21
201273.94
201373.99
201473.46
201573.11
201673.04
201773.01
201872.61
201972.54
202073.6
202172.95
202273.14
202372.83
202472.66
202572.64
What this number counts
Counts
Arrests of males as a share of all arrests for all offenses with sex recorded
Where
United States
When
Calendar year 2025 (one year, not an average)

The figure from FBI CDE, the only source that counts here.

Where the number comes from (2 sources)
SourceFigure and yearDefinitionQualityCounts for
FBI Crime Data Explorer, national arrests by sex (UCR Summary and summarized NIBRS)Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Uniform Crime Reporting Program · Police and justice recordsRetrieved 2026-10-27 · Data (API)
72.642025
5,192,660 of 7,148,377 arrests for all offenses reported to the FBI in 2025 were of males and 1,955,717 of females (CDE offense "all").

Share computed by RealStats. Arrests, not people. Counts only agencies that reported (96.6% of the population in 2025).

Raw files: fbi-cde/totals_all_<year>.json, field "Arrestee Sex".

4 of 5 checks
  • Yes: Method and definitions published. The FBI publishes the UCR offense definitions and the Crime in the United States methodology; the CDE explains its arrest page.
  • Yes: Official statistics or peer-reviewed. Official statistics from the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program.
  • Yes: Full count or representative sample. A count of every arrest reported by participating agencies, not a sample; the FBI puts their coverage at 96.6% of the population in 2025 (77.0% in 2021).
  • Yes: Raw data downloadable. Yearly national totals by race and sex are downloadable as JSON from the Crime Data Explorer.
  • No: No known break or quality problem. Breaks in the series: agencies that switched to NIBRS in 2021 left a gap in coverage, the race categories changed in 2021, and partial reporters are included without estimation.
100%
BJS, Arrest in the United States, 1980-2009 (NCJ 234319), Table 1Bureau of Justice Statistics (U.S. Department of Justice) · Police and justice recordsRetrieved 2026-10-27 · Data (zip file)
74.742009
BJS national estimate for 2009: 10,231,950 of 13,689,220 estimated arrests for all offenses were of males (Table 1, rounded to tens by BJS).

Built from the same FBI arrest reports as the FBI line, so it is not counted again.

Raw file: aus8009.zip, aus8009t01.csv. BJS publishes counts by sex only for 2009 in this report.

5 of 5 checks
  • Yes: Method and definitions published. BJS describes its estimation method in the report (pages 13-14).
  • Yes: Official statistics or peer-reviewed. Official statistics from the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
  • Yes: Full count or representative sample. National estimates: arrests from agencies that reported all 12 months (on average 79% of the population over 1980-2009) were weighted up to the FBI's national arrest estimates.
  • Yes: Raw data downloadable. The figure data are downloadable as CSV files.
  • Yes: No known break or quality problem. One method and one definition across 1980-2009; rape is the legacy definition throughout.
Not counted

Better and more direct sources count for more. A source that only copies another does not count.

  • FBI CDE100%

Shown but not counted: BJS (republishes FBI CDE).

How the trust score was worked out
Quality32 / 40

How well the sources are made

Agreement15 / 30

Unknown with one source, so set to half

Independence6 / 20

How many separate ways the number was measured

Freshness10 / 10

How recent the newest data is

How the score works

Who reports it, and since when

Which kinds of source measure this number, which years each one published, and where the reporting stops or has holes.

No source of these kinds: victim survey, independent count.

  • Single source: nothing to check it against
  • BJS: no figure here after 2009, while others reach 2025
  • FBI CDE, 2021: On 1 January 2021 the UCR Program moved to NIBRS-only collection. The FBI states that "participation for 2021 remained below a statistically acceptable level to be nationally representative"; from 2022 it again accepted Summary Reporting System data from agencies that had not switched. The population covered by agencies reporting to the CDE fell from 95.9% in 2020 to 77.0% in 2021 and was 94.8% in 2022 (12-month average of the CDE's monthly coverage). source
  • FBI CDE, 2010: The FBI states that "as of 2010, the FBI's UCR Program no longer collects data on runaways", so the all-offense total excludes them from 2010. source
Years each source has a figure here
'01'05'10'15'20'25FBI CDEBJS

figure no figure here, inside its range no later figure recorded change

Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter arrests per 100,000 people of the same race, 1980-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • White
  • Black
  • American Indian or Alaska Native
  • Asian or Pacific Islander
010203040198519902000201020202025
GroupFigureYearTrust
White1.54202563 Moderate
Black11.55202563 Moderate
American Indian or Alaska Native2.28202563 Moderate
Asian or Pacific Islander0.55202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearWhiteBlackAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeAsian or Pacific Islander
19854.2330.446.872.32
19864.2931.129.082.22
19874.0131.627.782.54
19883.7632.025.562.26
19893.8534.616.451.39
19904.2336.786.892.21
19914.1335.87.252.19
19924.2238.235.022.11
19934.0239.036.272.56
19943.8233.365.812.51
19953.6730.876.612.56
19963.0225.527.252.3
19972.8324.54.91.86
19982.7621.766.521.48
19992.4119.225.461.54
20002.2617.754.281.45
20012.4217.115.131.41
20022.3215.914.171.1
20032.1814.293.91.05
20042.2313.493.740.93
20052.2914.13.690.93
20062.0814.253.560.81
20072.1213.973.020.82
20082.113.393.080.72
20092.0812.722.890.65
20101.911.292.660.54
20111.7810.752.920.69
20121.7810.892.90.65
20131.6511.342.650.73
20141.6410.712.340.71
20151.7311.732.950.88
20161.7912.323.090.73
20171.8112.652.920.76
20181.7612.543.20.58
20191.6411.123.320.63
20201.9313.182.490.83
20211.3612.351.640.5
20221.8814.242.50.76
20231.8514.062.250.76
20241.6112.752.320.66
20251.5411.552.280.55

Rape arrests per 100,000 people of the same race, 1980-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • White
  • Black
  • American Indian or Alaska Native
  • Asian or Pacific Islander
0204060198519902000201020202025
GroupFigureYearTrust
White4.64202563 Moderate
Black10.86202563 Moderate
American Indian or Alaska Native4.06202563 Moderate
Asian or Pacific Islander2.11202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearWhiteBlackAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeAsian or Pacific Islander
19858.9458.0214.493.42
19868.6757.4716.263.18
19878.3555.6516.312.9
19887.949.4813.523.09
19898.1948.9913.192.62
19909.1750.5413.113.77
19918.947.3712.933.19
19929.2848.4214.753.58
1993944.3915.53.04
19948.1939.7915.123.73
19957.4737.9312.193.2
19966.7933.1612.053.16
19976.6731.0811.912.86
19986.5227.8210.883.21
19996.0524.8410.472.52
20005.8322.739.422.18
20015.7322.368.342.66
20026.121.769.172.52
20035.7119.419.431.99
20045.6918.048.771.75
20055.5117.57.821.54
20065.11166.721.47
20074.915.646.631.64
20084.9514.585.851.58
20094.9114.284.921.67
20104.6513.396.551.47
20114.3612.585.21.42
20124.0712.126.161.67
20134.2911.994.441.65
20144.712.385.462.02
20155.1412.989.192.34
20165.2913.127.32.07
20175.4813.179.061.96
20185.6413.519.142
20195.5112.588.062.05
20205.0210.775.41.65
20214.248.844.621.57
20225.110.684.821.98
20234.911.074.452.18
20244.6810.994.262.08
20254.6410.864.062.11

Robbery arrests per 100,000 people of the same race, 1980-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • White
  • Black
  • American Indian or Alaska Native
  • Asian or Pacific Islander
0100200300400198519902000201020202025
GroupFigureYearTrust
White9.58202563 Moderate
Black74.48202563 Moderate
American Indian or Alaska Native8.71202563 Moderate
Asian or Pacific Islander5.08202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearWhiteBlackAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeAsian or Pacific Islander
198523.79285.0932.6612.58
198624.17298.4234.3811.61
198722.61281.5132.3611.81
198821.1263.8930.2111.48
198922.71295.3526.4810.47
199026.86315.4424.4814.17
199127.19304.729.6515.97
199228.67322.4330.0517.32
199326.83309.8629.4518.45
199426.27281.6533.9819.75
199526.33271.5632.1919.03
199623.47227.7630.0418.98
199722.28216.0630.2316.23
199820.41183.6728.7512.98
199918.19164.4723.4811.52
200017.38152.220.2311.74
200117.8115018.0510.28
200216.74137.0717.968.46
200315.77125.27197.3
200416.27124.5917.085.98
200516.06134.8317.576.14
200617.74146.9619.676.48
200717.85148.4618.36.45
200818.36152.7720.236.37
200918.51145.2520.46.66
201016.41126.117.515.98
201115.44118.3417.315.7
201214.92113.2317.426.39
201314.12112.4515.395.61
201413.29103.6516.045.05
201513.93101.4116.245.94
201613.82101.2917.535.02
201713.4698.2518.324.92
201812.4690.5618.254.82
201911.481.3116.214.43
202010.3666.4212.133.64
20215.4344.456.791.87
20229.3661.739.273.97
20239.7878.3810.055.42
20249.7577.539.474.91
20259.5874.488.715.08

Aggravated assault arrests per 100,000 people of the same race, 1980-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • White
  • Black
  • American Indian or Alaska Native
  • Asian or Pacific Islander
0200400600198519902000201020202025
GroupFigureYearTrust
White66.85202563 Moderate
Black272.12202563 Moderate
American Indian or Alaska Native80.74202563 Moderate
Asian or Pacific Islander30.04202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearWhiteBlackAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeAsian or Pacific Islander
198580.66396.43153.131.41
198691.42443.78159.6531.08
198791.52450.72171.7232.16
198891.72459.27170.8134.92
1989104.1502.66167.7934.8
1990120.35547.94182.1839.5
1991116.32512.97163.2940.12
1992129.35595.25176.8844.8
1993124.14573.6183.5749.59
1994128.17559.95190.9951.4
1995129.14562.94191.4755.41
1996112.47479.03179.2952.63
1997114.53475.2184.6753.28
1998108.72445.43174.1349.42
1999102.88406.3163.8446.34
2000101.47382.82159.5546.03
2001102.61376.69144.9643.51
2002101.3359.85153.6537.63
200396.46326.57136.7233.15
200494.89311.83142.9829.81
200594.7321.26145.5328.48
200693.9322.39140.4628.09
200792.54301.5135.4426.69
200891.76303.26137.0926.8
200991.85294.57133.7526.54
201088.83281.03132.4526.65
201184.46266.16126.224.22
201282.13263.85125.3632.87
201382.27249116.3331.44
201478.49242.88112.7831.04
201579.8242.51178.4631.84
201680.29247.33187.8629.68
201780.35250.8204.530.27
201880.66253.76202.333.25
201977.9247.78195.3634.4
202076.19238.9130.1827.97
202146.83190.4174.5114.69
202271.46244.7692.3227.15
202372.49275.889.6331.96
202467.01266.0983.8330.59
202566.85272.1280.7430.04

All offenses arrests per 100,000 people of the same race, 1985-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • White
  • Black
  • American Indian or Alaska Native
  • Asian or Pacific Islander
05,00010K15K198519902000201020202025
GroupFigureYearTrust
White1,821.48202563 Moderate
Black4,721.74202563 Moderate
American Indian or Alaska Native2,132.77202563 Moderate
Asian or Pacific Islander615.67202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearWhiteBlackAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeAsian or Pacific Islander
19853,796.2510,322.426,645.431,274.9
19863,864.1410,866.46,607.81,225.63
19873,799.0211,286.156,964.131,230.28
19883,570.7610,705.456,103.611,235.06
19893,827.4811,803.976,091.76894.73
19904,064.611,774.616,190.961,256.67
19913,809.3511,109.555,808.841,291.24
19923,978.4612,655.266,370.491,395.14
19933,702.7111,873.836,173.441,257.99
19943,776.2911,595.595,988.861,305.91
19953,752.6111,742.666,021.211,331.81
19963,583.0410,684.426,323.731,310
19973,609.6311,105.986,315.151,319.59
19983,465.0510,570.275,884.181,240.22
19993,317.919,725.085,758.381,083.21
20003,256.469,338.375,129.321,053.99
20013,215.469,074.454,811.731,006.59
20023,298.348,420.195,048.071,013.22
20033,195.077,788.414,777.49921.02
20043,268.817,852.274,668.59883.89
20053,267.18,024.094,637.15836.82
20063,280.168,055.564,413.74824.88
20073,277.667,947.554,407.72834.31
20083,246.357,958.474,336.07826.24
20093,230.047,868.824,236.65821.88
20103,077.457,357.834,068.07792.99
20112,902.516,897.264,023745.1
20122,814.846,708.413,864.28862.46
20132,904.726,827.063,718.76749.53
20142,573.496,006.393,519.01704.87
20152,495.465,661.265,431.04726.08
20162,473.135,521.65,313.13674.35
20172,456.255,551.745,476.39620.63
20182,369.355,409.294,996.27620.49
20192,217.745,007.544,607.8617.01
20201,748.913,759.492,534.69483.85
20211,415.683,222.841,968.08390.21
20221,772.734,022.822,248.34512.5
20231,848.864,497.432,231.91569.44
20241,813.544,548.522,165.39590.12
20251,821.484,721.742,132.77615.67

Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter arrests per 100,000 people of the same sex, 1985-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • Male
  • Female
05101520198519902000201020202025MaleFemale
GroupFigureYearTrust
Male5.07202563 Moderate
Female0.61202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearMaleFemale
198513.241.78
198613.521.81
198713.211.8
198812.921.69
198913.691.77
199015.061.69
199114.731.62
199215.521.58
199315.581.52
199413.851.46
199513.111.31
199610.861.17
199710.241.1
19989.421.1
19998.290.98
20007.620.9
20017.571.03
20027.240.85
20036.650.78
20046.490.81
20056.870.85
20066.480.77
20076.480.72
20086.310.73
20096.130.7
20105.490.65
20115.160.66
20125.210.64
20135.110.66
20144.970.64
20155.380.69
20165.560.74
20176.010.82
20185.590.76
20195.550.72
20206.360.87
20214.910.65
20226.170.77
20236.160.75
20245.470.69
20255.070.61

Rape arrests per 100,000 people of the same sex, 1985-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • Male
  • Female
0102030198519902000201020202025MaleFemale
GroupFigureYearTrust
Male10.32202563 Moderate
Female0.3202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearMaleFemale
1985300.31
198629.410.32
198728.460.32
198826.180.31
198926.530.31
199028.730.3
199127.420.32
199228.40.35
199326.910.34
199424.460.26
199522.70.28
199620.370.23
199719.580.23
199818.710.21
199916.910.2
200015.750.18
200115.450.19
200215.850.22
200314.60.19
200414.120.22
200513.870.19
200612.650.17
200712.230.13
200811.980.14
200911.820.16
201011.210.12
201110.470.12
20129.980.1
201310.150.21
201410.880.3
201511.810.35
201612.020.34
201713.440.42
201812.750.41
201913.330.45
202011.880.36
20219.170.27
2022110.33
202311.030.32
202410.460.32
202510.320.3

Robbery arrests per 100,000 people of the same sex, 1985-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • Male
  • Female
050100150198519902000201020202025MaleFemale
GroupFigureYearTrust
Male30.82202563 Moderate
Female5.23202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearMaleFemale
1985104.518.06
1986108.048.56
1987101.68.45
198894.938.3
1989104.629.33
1990116.749.93
1991114.8610.19
1992121.7710.71
1993116.0510.56
1994108.3510.46
1995105.9510.39
199691.199.3
199786.368.93
199875.588.09
199967.57.27
200062.746.65
200162.496.69
200257.626.32
200353.315.95
200453.386.34
200555.656.74
200660.717.39
200760.967.69
200862.787.95
200961.177.91
201053.47.15
201150.226.72
201248.086.92
201346.496.91
201443.056.73
201543.296.94
201643.046.92
201745.337.39
201838.696.67
201938.116.64
202032.615.41
202118.12.84
202227.244.73
202333.385.93
202432.335.51
202530.825.23

Aggravated assault arrests per 100,000 people of the same sex, 1985-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • Male
  • Female
0100200300400198519902000201020202025MaleFemale
GroupFigureYearTrust
Male140.16202563 Moderate
Female42.97202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearMaleFemale
1985210.0430.88
1986236.8334.28
1987239.2835.14
1988241.6535.49
1989269.739.55
1990303.7945.25
1991289.4644
1992322.554.3
1993308.6254.63
1994308.4858.38
1995306.7262.77
1996264.5855.27
1997263.658.93
1998246.8358.25
1999229.155.19
2000218.5853.83
2001217.7453.58
2002212.2152.13
2003197.3849.73
2004191.7948.56
2005194.0449.31
2006192.2848.71
2007184.6648.25
2008183.5648.61
2009180.649.15
2010172.548.61
2011163.3246.36
2012160.4846.01
2013158.1944.02
2014150.9843.7
2015153.444.75
2016154.7445.34
2017168.9149.94
2018157.5446.9
2019164.8849.14
2020158.5945.97
2021100.1727.79
2022141.3340.93
2023152.1445.94
2024141.1942.35
2025140.1642.97

All offenses arrests per 100,000 people of the same sex, 1985-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • Male
  • Female
02,5005,0007,50010K198519902000201020202025MaleFemale
GroupFigureYearTrust
Male3,095.71202563 Moderate
Female1,123.67202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearMaleFemale
19857,838.261,438.53
19868,034.371,484.98
19877,999.711,530.82
19887,521.161,458.32
19898,072.961,598.01
19908,397.761,697.8
19917,846.961,624.55
19928,390.641,771.36
19937,799.391,689.3
19947,801.761,747.97
19957,762.971,787.6
19967,277.681,728.91
19977,354.211,795.54
19987,036.851,743.34
19996,629.951,653.72
20006,355.411,614.37
20016,158.261,617.09
20026,059.41,678.32
20035,740.081,646.05
20045,801.81,709.29
20055,895.751,750.22
20065,836.251,721.76
20075,772.671,743.18
20085,709.151,754.96
20095,606.831,800.18
20105,278.631,733.46
20114,938.321,660.7
20124,789.051,634.48
20135,050.361,719.9
20144,345.661,521.77
20154,167.661,486.69
20164,098.261,467.64
20174,348.671,559.97
20183,948.981,445.54
20193,931.31,444.18
20203,049.131,054.74
20212,333.67834.02
20222,917.461,032.01
20233,119.51,121.07
20243,063.321,111.15
20253,095.711,123.67

Male share of arrests, by offense (% of arrests), 1985-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
  • Rape
  • Robbery
  • Aggravated assault
  • All offenses
0255075100198519902000201020202025
GroupFigureYearTrust
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter88.85202563 Moderate
Rape97.08202563 Moderate
Robbery85.03202563 Moderate
Aggravated assault75.87202563 Moderate
All offenses72.64202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearMurder and nonnegligent manslaughterRapeRobberyAggravated assaultAll offenses
198587.698.9392.4786.5683.77
198687.6598.8592.2986.7683.69
198787.4498.8391.9486.683.22
198887.8798.7591.5786.683.04
198988.0398.7891.4286.6382.76
199089.4698.9191.7986.4682.47
199189.6798.7891.4786.2382.13
199290.3798.7391.5584.9881.86
199390.798.6891.2984.3381.48
199490.0798.8990.8183.4480.97
199590.5298.7490.6882.3380.55
199689.8798.8490.3582.0480.07
199789.8598.890.2281.0379.63
199889.198.8289.9280.1979.41
199988.9998.7689.8879.8779.31
200089.0498.8190.0979.6479.13
200187.6198.7690.0179.6778.6
200289.1398.5989.7979.777.69
200389.1298.6889.6379.2977.08
200488.5398.4189.0479.2276.62
200588.6498.5788.8679.1776.49
200689.0898.6588.8179.2376.61
200789.6998.8888.4578.7276.2
200889.3398.888.4278.575.88
200989.4698.6488.2178.0475.07
201089.1398.8687.8377.4474.65
201188.2598.887.8577.3274.21
201288.7498.9587.0577.1573.94
201388.2597.8786.777.6873.99
201488.397.2386.17773.46
201588.3596.9985.8176.8773.11
201687.9597.1885.7976.873.04
201787.6596.985.6276.6573.01
201887.7396.7884.9276.5272.61
201988.2796.6784.7876.572.54
202087.5296.9885.3376.8973.6
202187.8997.0786.0277.6472.95
202288.596.9984.7176.8873.14
202388.7997.0684.4376.1472.83
202488.596.9284.9676.2772.66
202588.8597.0885.0375.8772.64

Share of the US resident population by race, 1980-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • White
  • Black
  • American Indian or Alaska Native
  • Asian or Pacific Islander
0255075100198019902000201020202025
GroupFigureYearTrust
White72.34202563 Moderate
Black13.53202563 Moderate
American Indian or Alaska Native2.06202563 Moderate
Asian or Pacific Islander7.21202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearWhiteBlackAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeAsian or Pacific Islander
198085.911.780.631.69
198185.6911.820.651.84
198285.4811.870.661.98
198385.311.920.682.1
198485.1111.960.72.23
198584.9112.010.722.36
198684.7212.050.742.49
198784.5112.10.762.62
198884.3112.160.792.75
198984.0912.210.812.89
199083.8612.280.833.03
199183.6712.350.843.14
199283.4712.420.843.26
199383.2812.490.853.38
199483.1212.550.853.48
199582.9612.60.863.58
199682.8112.640.863.68
199782.6512.690.873.78
199882.5112.740.873.88
199982.3712.780.883.97
200080.9912.690.953.96
200180.7312.730.974.1
200280.4712.750.994.23
200380.2212.781.024.35
200479.9612.811.044.47
200579.6912.851.074.59
200679.4112.881.094.71
200779.1312.931.124.83
200878.8512.971.154.94
200978.5713.011.195.05
201078.3113.051.215.15
201178.0713.091.225.28
201277.8313.141.235.4
201377.5813.191.245.53
201477.3313.241.255.67
201577.0713.281.265.81
201676.8313.321.265.95
201776.5813.371.276.07
201876.3713.421.286.17
201976.1613.471.296.25
202073.7913.361.916.51
202173.5813.41.936.57
202273.2813.441.956.73
202372.9513.471.996.9
202472.6113.492.047.08
202572.3413.532.067.21

Share of the US resident population by sex, 1980-2025

Each line is the source that counts most for that group.

  • Male
  • Female
0204060198019902000201020202025
GroupFigureYearTrust
Male49.08202563 Moderate
Female50.92202563 Moderate
Show every year as a table
YearMaleFemale
198048.5951.41
198148.5951.41
198248.651.4
198348.6151.39
198448.6351.37
198548.6451.36
198648.6751.33
198748.6951.31
198848.7151.29
198948.7351.27
199048.7551.25
199148.7651.24
199248.7951.21
199348.851.2
199448.851.2
199548.8251.18
199648.8351.17
199748.8451.16
199848.8651.14
199948.8751.13
200049.0750.93
200149.0950.91
200249.150.9
200349.150.9
200449.1250.88
200549.1350.87
200649.1550.85
200749.1550.85
200849.1650.84
200949.1650.84
201049.1650.84
201149.1750.83
201249.1950.81
201349.250.8
201449.2250.78
201549.2350.77
201649.2450.76
201749.2550.75
201849.2550.75
201949.2550.75
202049.0950.91
202149.0850.92
202249.0650.94
202349.0750.93
202449.0850.92
202549.0850.92

About this data

Every source on this page (5)

Who is behind the sources

  • 85% Police or justice agency
  • 15% Statistics office
Each publisher, its funding and its own description
  • FBI · Police or justice agencyFunding: U.S. federal budget, through the Department of Justice. The active-shooter reports are produced with the ALERRT Center at Texas State University. sourceIn its own words: “Our mission is to protect the American people and uphold the Constitution of the United States.” source, retrieved 2026-10-27
  • Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) · Police or justice agencyFunding: U.S. federal budget; BJS is a component of the Office of Justice Programs in the U.S. Department of Justice. sourceIn its own words: “The mission of BJS is to collect, analyze, publish, and disseminate information on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime…” source, retrieved 2026-10-27
  • US Census Bureau · Statistics officeFunding: U.S. federal budget, through the Department of Commerce. sourceIn its own words: “The Census Bureau's mission is to serve as the nation’s leading provider of quality data about its people and economy.” source, retrieved 2026-10-27
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, national arrests by race (UCR Summary and summarized NIBRS)FBI (police or justice agency) · Police and justice recordsUsed for 20 numbers; counts toward 20. Years 2025. Retrieved 2026-10-27.Open the publisher's pageData: one of 5 files (API; each row's sources list its own)
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, national arrests by sex (UCR Summary and summarized NIBRS)FBI (police or justice agency) · Police and justice recordsUsed for 15 numbers; counts toward 15. Years 2025. Retrieved 2026-10-27.Open the publisher's pageData: one of 5 files (API; each row's sources list its own)
  • U.S. Census Bureau, national population estimates by sex and race (1 July)US Census Bureau (statistics office) · Population registerUsed for 6 numbers; counts toward 6. Years 2025. Retrieved 2026-10-27.Data (CSV file)
  • BJS, Arrest in the United States, 1980-2009 (NCJ 234319), figure dataBureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) (police or justice agency) · Police and justice recordsUsed for 16 numbers; counts toward 0 (shown only). Years 2009. Retrieved 2026-10-27.Not counted where: it republishes FBI CDE.Data (zip file)
  • BJS, Arrest in the United States, 1980-2009 (NCJ 234319), Table 1Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) (police or justice agency) · Police and justice recordsUsed for 5 numbers; counts toward 0 (shown only). Years 2009. Retrieved 2026-10-27.Not counted where: it republishes FBI CDE.Data (zip file)
Why the numbers differ (4)
  • Estimated versus reported arrests. BJS weights up the arrests of agencies that reported all 12 months to the FBI's national estimate; the FBI line counts only what agencies reported, including part-year reporters. For 2009, BJS estimates 12,420 murder arrests while the CDE holds 10,330; for all offenses, 12-month reporters sent 11,062,559 of the FBI's estimated 13,689,216 (80%), and the CDE holds 11,263,159. In the years both cover, the FBI-line rates are below the BJS rates in 394 of 400 race-offense-years. (source, retrieved 2026-10-27)
  • Population base. BJS divides by bridged-race populations, which assign each person to one of the four races. The FBI-line rates divide by Census "race alone" counts from 2000, which leave out the 4.9% of residents who report Two or More Races (2025). For American Indian or Alaska Native the base matters most: with the "alone or in combination" population the 2025 all-offense rate would be 1077.24 instead of 2132.77 per 100,000. The Census series also steps between vintages: the American Indian or Alaska Native alone share is 1.29% in 2019 (Vintage 2020) and 1.91% in 2020 (Vintage 2025, rebased on the 2020 Census), which lowers that group's rates from 2020 on. (source, retrieved 2026-10-27)
  • Agency coverage. In 2021, when the FBI moved to NIBRS-only reporting, agencies covering 77.0% of the population reported to the CDE, against 95.9% in 2020, so the 2021 rates leave out the arrests of agencies that did not report, for every group. (source, retrieved 2026-10-27)
  • Rape. BJS figures use the legacy definition (forcible rape of a female) for all years; the FBI widened the definition in 2013 and dropped the legacy one from 2017, so the FBI rape series is not comparable across those years.
Common mistakes (4)
  • Arrests are not convictions and not a count of offenders. Many crimes are never reported or never lead to an arrest, some people arrested are never charged or are acquitted, and one person arrested several times in a year counts several times. BJS writes that arrest statistics are best read as a measure of the flow of matters into law enforcement agencies. (source, retrieved 2026-10-27)
  • Race is the race the arresting agency records for the person, not a survey answer by the person, and the Census population is self-reported. The two need not match for the same person, especially for people of more than one race. (source, retrieved 2026-10-27)
  • Hispanic people are not a separate group in these race counts. The FBI records ethnicity in a separate field, and states that "not all agencies provide ethnicity data; therefore, the race and ethnicity totals will not be equal". Hispanic arrestees are counted in a race group, mostly White: BJS found that 96.75% of Hispanic people arrested for rape in NIBRS data were recorded as White. In the Census population, 79.1% of Hispanic residents were White alone in 2025. The White rates therefore include most Hispanic arrests and residents. (source, retrieved 2026-10-27)
  • A group's share of arrests is not its arrest rate. The rates here already divide by the size of each group; compare them with the population shares, not with raw arrest counts.
Context (3)
Sources considered and not used (3)
  • BJS Arrest Data Analysis Tool (national estimates 1980-2014): The tool is no longer on the BJS website, and the Internet Archive holds only its interface pages, not the data behind the queries. Its published 1980-2009 figures are used instead. (source, retrieved 2026-10-27)
  • FBI Crime in the United States, Tables 42 and 43 (arrests by sex, and by race and ethnicity): ucr.fbi.gov shows a bot check to scripts, and the Internet Archive was rate-limiting or offline when tried on 27 October 2026. The same agency submissions come from the FBI's Crime Data Explorer arrest data, which RealStats used; the FBI notes the two can differ slightly. Table 43's Hispanic ethnicity counts are therefore not shown. (source, retrieved 2026-10-27)
  • BJS, Arrest in the United States, 1990-2010: It gives arrests by race only for 2010 and says it does not analyze race; the series by race comes from the 1980-2009 report. (source, retrieved 2026-10-27)
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